While the SAAF reported two aircraft were damaged by SAMs during this action, Angola claimed to have shot down four. The FAPA-DAA acquired a significant number of S-125s, and these were encountered during the first strike ever flown by SAAF Mirage F.1s against targets in Angola – in June 1980. forces in Vietnam, because the Soviets feared that China (after the souring of Sino-Soviet relations in 1960), through which most, if not all of the equipment meant for North Vietnam had to travel, would try to copy the missile. The Neva-M introduced a redesigned booster and an improved guidance system. The original version was designated SA-3A by the US DoD and the new Neva-M named SA-3B and (naval) SA-N-1B. In 1964, an upgraded version of the system, the S-125M "Neva-M" and later S-125M1 "Neva-M1" was developed. The S-125 was first deployed between 19 around Moscow, augmenting the S-25 and S-75 sites already ringing the city, as well as in other parts of the USSR. Operational history Soviet Union Ībandoned Soviet S-125 missile near Saare, Saaremaa, Estonia. The naval version of this system has the NATO reporting name SA-N-1 Goa and original designation M-1 Volna (Russian Волна – wave). The S-125, like the S-75, uses radio command guidance. The 5V24 (V-600) missiles reach around Mach 3 to 3.5 in flight, both stages powered by solid fuel rocket motors. It is also able to engage lower flying targets than the previous systems, and being more modern it is much more resistant to ECM than the S-75. It has a shorter effective range and lower engagement altitude than either of its predecessors and also flies slower, but due to its two-stage design it is more effective against more maneuverable targets. The S-125 Neva/Pechora ( Russian: С-125 "Нева"/"Печора", NATO reporting name SA-3 Goa) is a Soviet surface-to-air missile system that was designed by Aleksei Isaev to complement the S-25 and S-75. Neva, Pechora, Volna, Neva-M, Neva-M1, Volna-M, Volna-N, Volna-P, Pechora 2, Pechora 2M, Newa SC, Pechora-M Uganda–Tanzania War, Kosovo War, Iran–Iraq War, Gulf War, Angolan Civil War, Syrian Civil War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Tigray conflict, 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine Murmurs of war began to grow ever louder as Iranian-Iraqi relations deteriorated.Vietnam War, War of Attrition, Yom Kippur War, To the east, Iran was in a maelstrom of revolutionary fervor – Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was ousted as ruler, and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini was declared supreme leader. In 1979, the country’s dictator, Saddam Hussein, was consolidating his grip. The AS-37 had also piqued Iraq’s interest. These were highpriority targets for ARMAT missiles. Iran possessed the potent Hawk SAM system, which was supplied to the country before the 1979 revolution. Meanwhile, in French Air Force service, it flew on several types, including the SEPECAT Jaguar E, and Dassault Mirage III and Mirage F1 series jets. Developed in the 1960s, Martel had two variants – the television-guided AJ-168 was an anti-ship missile, while the AS-37 was used to attack radars. Entering service in the early 1970s, the AS-37 was used by the Royal Air Force’s Blackburn Buccaneer S2B combat aircraft. Tom Withington takes a closer look.Īnti-radar Martel (ARMAT) was closely based on the Anglo-French Hawker Siddeley/Matra AS-37 Martel. Now largely forgotten, ARMAT was a French weapon that proved its worth in the 1980s, during the Iran-Iraq War.
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